Personal Statement Extraordinary Moments - 1472 Words

Personal Statement I believe in extraordinary moments. Moments that penetrate deep within your core, moving pass timely adornments, years of trials—and never leave you. The first of mine happened in the back of a small nonprofit when I was fifteen-years of age on my first excursion into the field of human services. At the request of a personal contact, I had been solicited to give up my weekends to oversee the care of foster-children who had recently assimilated back into their biological families households. On a day like any other, a woman walked in, her face wet from the rain and placed a small infant within my arms. She was visibly tired as if strewn across some arid land as a rubber band for some time before bouncing back rather violently into place. She was wobbly. Her footing was off—but she was here. My mind held onto her long after she left as I swaddled her fragile infant, removing the blanket that smelled of old milk. The infant’s whimpers were strained, her eyes: unfixe d, rolling in the opposite direction of the rocking chair. No matter how I attempted to soothe her, I realized her discomfort extended far beyond an infant’s need for security: this was my first experience with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. It was then, while holding an infant that may never truly feel â€Å"held† in the aftermath of her mother’s unraveled presence did joy begin to spill over me. All I remember was hoping their relationship would come together so they could move forward from this moment.Show MoreRelatedElizabeth Bishops Poetry779 Words   |  4 Pagesordinary and turns it into the extraordinary. As a reader, I wonder why she goes into so much detail. There is a story behind each of her poems. Her poems â€Å"First Death in Nova Scotia† and â€Å"In the Waiting Room† are about childhood experiences. She uses great detail in her poems and we feel like we are apart of it. This can be clearly seen in Bishop’s poem â€Å"The Fish†. â€Å"The Fish† is an example of where Bishop turns something so plain into the extraordinary. She takes fishing and turns itRead MoreEssay about Starbucks Organizational Commitment1101 Words   |  5 PagesJudge, 2011). As stated in the text, a transformational leader inspires followers to transcend their self-interests for the good of the organization and can have an extraordinary effect on their followers (Robbins amp; Judge, 2011). This leadership style in connection with the charismatic leadership of attributing extraordinary leadership abilities to achieve the vision while being sensitive to their followers needs gives Starbucks a step ahead of its competitors. The transformational characteristicsRead MoreConsciousness795 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Consciousness Physical†¦.Or Not The statements â€Å"I have a guilty conscious† and â€Å"My conscious eating me alive† are phrases that have been giving physical meaning by everyday people. What has not been given merit is the imaginable state of consciousness or ones conscious. Are the statements true or just simply a saying with no meaning? For starters consciousness is a mystical network. It has several different extraordinary characters. One David Chalmers says it has a â€Å"unified and a differentiatedRead MoreThe Leadership Challenge By Kouzes Posner905 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge to lead wisely is the challenge. This paper will highlight Kouzes’s Posner’s 5 practices of an extraordinary leader, the concepts of leadership, integrate leadership concepts module 9 and other modules, the authors analysis of his leadership abilities, the author’s leadership philosophy, and the author’s best thing learned while in Leadership Challenges. Five Practices of Extraordinary Leaders The book, The Leadership Challenge written by Kouzes Posner narrates the five leadership principlesRead MoreStorm Of Steel : A Western Heritage Review1346 Words   |  6 PagesMiranda Beals Professor Wilson History 106-27 May 6th, 2016 Storm of Steel: A Western Heritage Review In the famous war memoir, Storm of Steel, an extraordinary story is told through the eyes of an ordinary German World War I soldier. Written by German author Ernst Junger, the novel is based on Junger’s sixteen personal journals he kept during his time as as a young World War I soldier. After being edited and revised numerous times, Storm of Steel was published in 1961. Junger’s story begins withRead MoreCharacterization of Dmitry Dmitrich Gurov Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesChekhov developed an aesthetic principle, according to which tragic and comic are not separated by an impassable wall but represent two sides of the same phenomenon of life, which can be viewed both in terms of tragedy and in terms of comedy. Thesis statement Gurov embodies the power of change that true love can have even on the most cynical characters. He is an island of hope in an ocean of turmoil represented by revolutionary Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The following paper will focusRead MoreCompare/Contrast Bill Gates Steve Jobs Essay751 Words   |  4 Pagesradically different personalities. In the early days of personal computers, both dropped out of college and launched their own businesses. Of the two, the late Steve Jobs was always the quick, live-for-the-moment hare, while Bill Gates was the dispassionate, lawyerly, bide-your-time tortoise† (Wilson). â€Å"Above all else, though, these rivals understood business. Neither had formal training in the black arts of balance sheets and income statements† (Lashinsky). Stated an article from CNN. Although eachRead MoreAn Interview with F. Scott Fitzgerald964 Words   |  4 PagesDailyTimes Newspaper F Scott Fitzgerald has been one of the most recognizable authors out there today. Many people admire his work, but he’s hard to catch and follow due to his busy schedule and personal lifestyle being an alcoholic. On the 19th of November 1925 I was given a chance to meet up with F. Scott Fitzgerald, to discuss about the eminent novel written by him â€Å"The Great Gatsby† at his house in Los Angeles. The books about a poor turned wealthy man, Gatsby and his attempt on getting hisRead MoreAnne Frank Was A Dutch Girl Who Lived During The Jewish Antisemitism Period1296 Words   |  6 Pagesin Frankfurt (Germany), on June 12, 1929 she used to live with her older sister, Margot, her father, Otto and her mother, Edith until one day the nazi s ideas reached the town were they used to live. Her life has been plenty of adventures and bad moments that she had to overpass. All of these horrible adventures that she went through were able to be known by the people thanks to a birthd ay present that she received. This birthday present was in fact a diary, in which she was going to write all herRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Sebastian Jungers The Cold Enemy 1386 Words   |  6 Pagesthose offended by the video. Additionally, Junger asserts his credibility through first-hand accounts. He writes that he had spent a year on and off with a platoon of U.S. soldiers in the Korengal Valley of eastern Afghanistan. This translates into personal experience from which he can state his observations. He’s been in their shoes, therefore, experiencing the fighting, stress, and casualties that affect the mindset of said soldiers. This, in its own, is a privilege most in the audience are not even

Liberalism in French Revolution Through Enlightenment

THE LIBERAL REVOLUTION -UNDER THE IDEA OF ENLIGHTENMENT Dare to know! Have courage to use your own reason!-Kant Contents ENLIGHTENMENT AS AN IDEA: 3 FRENCH SOCIETY: 3 THE LIBERAL REVOLUTION: 3 CRITICISM ON THE IDEA OF LIBERALISM: 4 CONCLUSION 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 6 ENLIGHTENMENT AS AN IDEA: â€Å"Enlightenment is mans emergence from his self-imposed nonage†¦ Sapere Aude! Dare to Know! Have the courage to use your own understanding is therefore the motto of the Enlightenment.† Immanuel Kant (Columbia.edu) The eighteenth century Enlightenment proved to be a movement of the intellectuals who dared to prove all the aspects in life scientifically. These individuals were greatly affected by the scientific†¦show more content†¦The early liberal figures rejected many foundational assumptions which dominated earlier theories of regime, such as the divine right of kings, traditional status, and established religion, and strongly focused on individual freedom, reason, justice and tolerance. However the irony of the revolution remains that it itself took birth out of brutality and bloodshed. CRITICISM ON THE IDEA OF LIBERALISM: But not everybody was happy on what was happening in the French society due to the enlightenment thoughts. Burke is famous for his great support for the American Revolution and his fierce opposition to the French Revolution. He expressed his opposition in Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790). Burke emphasized the dangers of mob rule, fearing that the Revolutions vehemence was destroying French society. Burke appealed to the qualities of continuity, tradition, status and property and opposed the Revolution to the end of his life. (History) All circumstances taken together, the French revolution is the most astonishing that has hitherto happened in the world. The most wonderful things are brought about, in many instances by means the most absurd and ridiculous, in the most ridiculous modes, and apparently by the most contemptible instruments. EverythingShow MoreRelatedLiberalism, The Political Philosophy On Ideas Of Equality And Liberty1573 Words   |  7 PagesLiberalism Liberalism is the political philosophy on ideas of equality and liberty. Liberalisms focus is on the general ideas of fair elections by the people, civil rights, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, free trade, and private property. As with all things though, the way the idea of liberalism can viewed differ by each individual person and the trails they have gone through. Liberalism is no exception from this phenomenon and during the nineteenth Century there were many trails changingRead MoreThe Intellectual Tradition Of Political Economy1692 Words   |  7 PagesTraditions in Political Economy i) In what significant ways does modern liberalism break from classical liberalism s conceptualization of the market? In your answer, be sure to focus on the principles of classical and modern liberalism, as well as key 20th-century intellectual developments in each tradition. The definitional conceptualization of the five premises of political economy underscores the differences classical and modern liberalism. These premises include human nature, society, government, moralityRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Enlightenment1708 Words   |  7 PagesEnlightenment in Europe was a period in which ideas were legitimately from one country to another. It is also known as civilization time where traditional authority was put to the question while embracing the notion of humanity to improve human change. The French revolution was directly in motivation by Enlightenment ideals which marked a peak of its influence and a beginning of its fall. The Enlightenment s imperative of the seventeenth-century forerunners incorporated the Englishmen Francis BaconRead MoreThe American And French Revolutions Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the 18th century, the Enlightenment ideas were flourishing in both the American and French Revolutions. The Enlightenment persp ective consisted of people searching for their social prestige, questioning authorities and believing they could create a new republic. The Americans aimed for independence and the French desired to overthrow their monarchy. The objective in both revolutions were relatively the same, to overthrow and recreate in efforts to achieve national sovereignty. However, theRead MoreClassical Liberalism And The Enlightenment1244 Words   |  5 PagesPaper #1: Classical Liberalism Classical liberalism is the transition from focusing on government to focusing on the rights of individuals. This transition came about during the time of the Enlightenment in the eighteenth century. The Enlightenment period was when man started to have more faith in his own reasoning. People began to look for evidence on their beliefs themselves and to find proof on these beliefs, so that they could come up with their own opinions on things. One way that they didRead MoreThe Enlightenment On The Creation Of A Thriving Society1458 Words   |  6 PagesTanika Wolff, Group 1 â€Å"Central to the Enlightenment is the notion that equality of educational opportunity is essential to the creation of a flourishing society. Discuss with reference to both a liberal and a conservative perspective† The driving force of the 18th century Enlightenment was to liberate individuals from the oppression of religion. To challenge the despotism of the traditional absolutes, it was imperative that the people were liberated from their dependence on various hegemonies soRead MoreRole of Ideas in the French and Russian Revolutions1432 Words   |  6 PagesCount: 1511 How important was the role of ideas in the outbreak of revolution? When comparing the French Revolution of 1789 and Russian October Revolution of 1917, a series of parallels become evident. Both revolutionary groups became determined with an extensive emergence of new ideas, which captured a strong majority of the respective populations. The importance of the ideas was critical to maintaining a drive for the revolutions considering they acted as a manifestation of what the public and theRead MoreThe European Union ( Eu )1691 Words   |  7 PagesBrexit, Enlightenment, Colonialism, and Beyond The European Union (EU), a partnership of 28 European countries, evolved from the European Economic Community in 1957 that contained six original members, not including Great Britain. The primary objective of the EU is to increase trade and movement of goods, services, and people, and to ensure economic growth between these nations. It also enacts legislation relating to justice and international affairs. On June 23rd, 2016 the Brexit referendum wasRead MoreFrench Revolution754 Words   |  4 PagesFrench Revolution The French Revolution last from 1789 to 1799. This war had many causes that began the revolution. Its causes ranged from the American Revolution, the economic crisis in France, social injustices to the immediate causes like the fall of Bastille, the Convening of he Estate-General, and the Great Fear. As a result of this revolution there many effects , immediate and long term. The immediate effects were the declaration of rights of man, abolishing of olds reign, execution of kingRead MoreThe French Revolution Essay590 Words   |  3 PagesThe French Revolution The French Revolution last from 1789 to 1799. This war had many causes that began the revolution. Its causes ranged from the American Revolution, the economic crisis in France, social injustices to the immediate causes like the fall of Bastille, the Convening of he Estate-General, and the Great Fear. As a result of this revolution there many effects , immediate and long term. The immediate effects were the declaration of rights of man, abolishing of olds reign, execution

Importance of Testing and Quality Assurance †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Testing and Quality Assurance. Answer: Introduction Headspace is an organization that is currently working on implementation of an information system named My Health Record System. The organization is considering a cloud-based solution for this project. The report discusses the necessity of implementing the system in a hybrid cloud environment along with the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid cloud. The report further identifies the primary non-functional requirements of the system keeping in mind the sensitive nature of data that is to be stored in the information system. The report concludes with the suggested SDLC approach that would be best suited for the project (Steele, Min Lo, 2012). The non-functional requirements of a system deals with particular system attributes that helps the system perform its optimal function. The non-functional requirements of the system generally identify the critical system qualities, requirements and system constraints that should be considered for project implementation. Therefore, it can be said that non-functional requirements of a system has a large impact on project success. However it is essential to consider both functional and non functional requirement of a system for ensuring project management success. The different non-functional requirement of the project according to the functionality, usability, reliability performance and security are elaborated in the following paragraphs (Chung, Nixon Mylopoulos, 2012). The main criteria of identifying the non-functional requirements of the system are measuring the functionality of the system. My health Record System is to be developed for storing the data of the mentally ill patients. Therefore, it is essential for the system to include an option of accessing and updating the data from any device according to the convenience of the user. Adaptability is one of the major functional requirements of the system. Another major criterion for identifying the non-functional requirement of the system is the systems usability. The major non-functional requirement under usability is the ease of learning the software. An easy interface can increase the usability of the software. The reliability of the system is another major consideration of system implementation. Since the system will be implemented in a cloud environment, a backup and recovery option of the data is an essential non-functional requirement of the system. This would not only make the system reliable but also help in preserving the confidential data of the patients even on an account of system failure. The non-functional requirement essential for measuring the performance of the system is its speed of processing data. The system should be flexible to be accessed from anywhere and any device. This would enhance the performance level of the system to be developed. The data to be stored in the My Health Record System is sensitive and confidential and therefore it is essential to ensure proper security of the software. The data stored should undergo end to end encryption to ensure adequate protection. This would prevent any unauthorized person from accessing the health records. Only the users permitted for data access would be able to view or modify the data stored into the system (Kulkarni et al., 2012). Functional Requirements of the System Vs Non-functional Requirements The functional requirement of the system estimates the expected function of the system that is to be implemented. It is typically related with the product or the system features that reflects the basic functionality of a system. Non-functional requirement however is slightly different from the functional requirements of the system; as it addresses the qualities, a system should possess in order to increase the efficiency of a system. The Non-functional requirement related to the security can be compared with a primary functional requirement of the system, which is authentication. Authentication is a primary security approach of the system that limits the use and access of the data only to authorized persons. Since the data to be stored is very sensitive, it is essential to include the non-functional requirement of encryption in system implementation (Pearce Bainbridge, 2014). Hybrid cloud is the best solution to be considered for the implementation of this sthi system in a cloud environment. This is because the public cloud environment is not secure enough and is more prone to attack. The data stored in a public cloud environment can be easily accessed and therefore, it would be difficult to protect the confidentiality of the sensitive data of the patients in this environment (AlZain et al., 2012). Although the cost of implementation of a public cloud is very low as compared to a private or a hybrid cloud environment, it cannot be considered for this case. Private cloud is very secured than public cloud and it is almost impossible to breach the data stored in a private cloud. This is because, a separate internal network is used in case of private cloud and the data access outside this network becomes almost impossible. This is the primary disadvantage of this solution as well. Implementation of this system on a private cloud would limit the access of data only to the organization, which conflicts with the primary objective of this project. The project aims at elimination of the need of retelling the story every time the patient visits a new professional. Implementations of this system in private cloud would not allow a wide data access and therefore this cloud environment cannot be considered. Hybrid cloud eliminates the limitation of both the public and private cloud environment and therefore this cloud environment can be considered for system implementation. Hybrid cloud environment is a combination of public and private cloud and allows the data access only to the authorized person even outside the organization (Galibus Vissia, 2015). The strength and weaknesses of hybrid cloud environment are elaborated in the following paragraphs. Hybrid Cloud Environment: Strength The strength of implementing the information system My Health Record System Management are listed below- The hybrid cloud environment offers the benefits of both public and private cloud. In this cloud environment, the streamlined benefits of both public and private cloud can be achieved (Li et al., 2015) It is a cost effective solution as well considering the money it requires to implement a system in a private cloud environment. This is because the public cloud environment of the hybrid cloud can be leveraged from a trusted third party source (Li et al., 2013). Data moves in an out of the public and the private one of a hybrid cloud solution. An attacker in fetching the confidential data of the system can target this movement of data. Therefore, there is a minute security risk in the movement of data in and out of the different cloud environment. Proper measures are needed to be taken to prevent the data loss. The cost of implementation of the system in a hybrid cloud environment is considerably more than that of a public cloud environment. However, considering the enhanced security it offers in the hybrid cloud, it is effective to use a hybrid cloud environment for this system (Chen Zhao, 2012). Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of a hybrid cloud environment can be beneficial for the organization in this project implementation The chosen SLC Approach SDLC or software development life cycle divides the entire software development lifetime into a number of phases, successful completion of which ensures a projects success. These phases are named as requirement analysis, feasibility study, project implantation , testing and so on. The two software development approach, predictive and adaptive are discussed in the following sections. The predictive approach of SDLC mainly defines the entire project life cycle during the project initiation. This is only possible when the scope of the project is clear and the schedule of the project is determined. The project deliverable is decided at the beginning of project implementation and therefore a proper project plan is maintained for project execution (Tuteja Dubey, 2012). The project implementation follows this project plan during the entire project life cycle. The pros and cons of the predictive software development life cycle approach are elaborated below. The scope of the project remains clear throughout the project execution and therefore the process of project execution becomes simple as well. A proper project plan is maintained for the project execution, which is followed throughout the implementation phase of the project. The project requirements remain transparent throughout the project execution phase and therefore it becomes easier to estimate the cost and schedule of the project. Another major advantage of implementing this approach is that, it is possible to complete the project within the set time following this approach. The project progress and the process of implementation can be thoroughly tracked throughout the entire project life cycle as it follows a planned approach. Documentation control is one of the essential criteria of this approach as the predictive SDLC is very similar to the waterfall model of the project methodology. Pros or Disadvantages of Predictive SDLC The adaptive approach of SDLC is similar to the agile project development methodology. The entire project is not planned during the project intitiation but the different deliverables of each phase is ascertained. This type of approach is taken into consideration when the scope of the project is not clear. The pros and cons of adaptive SDLC are discussed below (Balaji Murugaiyan, 2012). The project can be improvised in its execution phase as well The presence of feedback path increases the perfctness of the sytem to be developed. The time requires to complete this time of project is generally high The cost of implementation of project using adaptive SDLC is high Therefore, it would be beneficial for Headspace to implement this project using predictive SDLC as the size of the project is small (Mahalakshmi Sundararajan, 2013). Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that Headspace should use hybrid cloud environment for product implementation. The report identifies the recommended SDLC approach and the non-functional requirements that should be considered in the project. References AlZain, M. A., Pardede, E., Soh, B., Thom, J. A. (2012, January). Cloud computing security: from single to multi-clouds. In System Science (HICSS), 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 5490-5499). IEEE. Balaji, S., Murugaiyan, M. S. (2012). Waterfall vs. V-Model vs. Agile: A comparative study on SDLC. International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management, 2(1), 26-30. Chen, D., Zhao, H. (2012, March). Data security and privacy protection issues in cloud computing. In Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 International Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. 647-651). IEEE. Chung, L., Nixon, B. A., Yu, E., Mylopoulos, J. (2012). Non-functional requirements in software engineering (Vol. 5). Springer Science Business Media. Galibus, T., Vissia, H. E. R. M. (2015). Cloud storage security. Proc NSCE, 2014, 123-127. Jain, A. K., Nandakumar, K. (2012). Biometric Authentication: System Security and User Privacy. IEEE Computer, 45(11), 87-92. Kulkarni, G., Gambhir, J., Patil, T., Dongare, A. (2012, June). A security aspects in cloud computing. In Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS), 2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on (pp. 547-550). IEEE. Li, J., Li, Y. K., Chen, X., Lee, P. P., Lou, W. (2015). A hybrid cloud approach for secure authorized deduplication. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 26(5), 1206-1216. Li, Q., Wang, Z. Y., Li, W. H., Li, J., Wang, C., Du, R. Y. (2013). Applications integration in a hybrid cloud computing environment: Modelling and platform. Enterprise Information Systems, 7(3), 237-271. Mahalakshmi, M., Sundararajan, M. (2013). Traditional SDLC Vs Scrum MethodologyA Comparative Study.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,3(6), 192-196. Pearce, C., Bainbridge, M. (2014). A personally controlled electronic health record for Australia. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 21(4), 707-713. Rittinghouse, J. W., Ransome, J. F. (2016). Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Steele, R., Min, K., Lo, A. (2012). Personal health record architectures: technology infrastructure implications and dependencies. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 63(6), 1079-1091. Tuteja, M., Dubey, G. (2012). A research study on importance of testing and quality assurance in software development life cycle (SDLC) models. International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), 2(3), 251-257

Spanish-American War Essays - SpanishAmerican War,

Spanish-American War The weeks that have elapsed since that fatal event of February 15th have been making history in a manner highly creditable to the American government and to our citizenship. Captain Sigsbee, the commander of the Maine, had promptly telegraphed his desire that judgment should be suspended until investigation had been made. The investigation was started at once, and 75 million Americans have accordingly suspended judgment in the face of a great provocation. For it must be remembered that to suppose the destruction of the Maine an ordinary accident and not due to any external agency or hostile intent was, under all the circumstances, to set completely at defiance the law of probabilities. It is not true that battleships are in the habit of blowing themselves up. When all the environing facts were taken into consideration, it was just about as probable that the Maine had been blown up by some accident where no hostile motive was involved, as that the reported assassination of President Barrios of Guatemala, a few days previously, had really been a suicide. . . . It has been known perfectly well that Spanish hatred might at any time manifest itself by attempts upon the life of the American representative at Havana, Consul General Fitzhugh Lee. This danger was felt especially at the time of the Havana riots in January, and it seems to have had something to do with the sending of the Maine to Havana Harbor. The Spaniards themselves, however, looked upon the sending of the Maine as a further aggravation of the long series of their just grievances against the United States. They regarded the presence of the Maine at Havana as a menace to Spanish sovereignty in the island and as an encouragement to the insurgents. A powerful American fleet lay at Key West and the Dry Tortugas, with steam up ready to follow the Maine to the harbor of Havana at a few hours' notice. All this was intensely hateful to the Spaniards, and particularly to the Army officers at Havana who had sympathized with General Weyler's policy and who justly regarded General Weyler's recall to Spain as due to the demand of President McKinley. The American pretense that the Maine was making a visit of courtesy seemed to these Spaniards a further example of Anglo-Saxon hypocrisy. That this intense bitterness against the presence of the Maine was felt among the military and official class in Havana was perfectly well known to Captain Sigsbee, his staff, and all his crew; and they were not unaware of the rumors and threats that means would be found to destroy the American ship. It was, furthermore, very generally supposed that the Spanish preparation for the defense of Havana had included mines and torpedoes in the harbor. At the time when the Maine went to Havana, it was a notorious fact that the relations between the Spain and the United States were so strained that that war was regarded as inevitable. If war had actually been declared while the Maine was at Havana, it is not likely that the Spanish would have permitted the ship's departure without an effort to do her harm. The Spanish harbor is now and it has been for a good while past under military control; and the American warship, believed by the Spanish authorities to be at Havana with only half-cloaked hostile designs, was obliged to accept the anchorage that was assigned by those very authorities. In view of the strained situation and of the Spanish feeling that no magnanimity is due on Spain's part toward the United States, it is not in the least difficult to believe that the harbor authorities would have anchored the Maine at a spot where, in case of the outbreak of war, the submarine harbor defenses might be effectively be used against so formidable an enemy. To understand the situation completely, it must not be forgotten that the Spanish government at first made objection against the Maine's intended visit to Havana and, in consenting, merely yielded to a necessity that was forced upon it. All Spaniards regarded the sending of the Maine to Havana as really a treacherous act on the part of the United

Motorolas Case Study

Motorolas Case Study Introduction Motorola is a Chicago based firm that was started in 1928 as the Galvin Manufacturing Corporation. It is a top producer of handheld cell phones and markets wireless web devices. In 2003, phone gadgets contributed to 40% of the revenue and 60% of Motorola’s operating profits. Motorola is good in communication and technology creativity.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Motorola’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has been possible through its strong branding and technological innovation. The firm strives to achieve breakthroughs in technology and to emerge at the top of its competitors (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2010). This paper seeks to explain the SWOT analyses of Motorola incorporation, as well as merits and demerits of Motorola’s strategies. Additionally, the essay identifies the levels of strategy in a firm and issues in business administration. Salient opportunities and threats that exist in Motorolas external environment The external environment analysis helps an organization to know if its resources are enough to thrive among its competitors. Opportunities are favorable external environmental factors while threats are unfavorable external environmental factors. Brand is an important opportunity for Motorola. Its brands are strategically located in the telecommunications market. This increases the chances of customers seeing and buying its products. Additionally, the firm has strong marketing and promotional tactics. It uses various marketing devices such as print media and TV. As a result, it is able to inform millions of customers about its products. Another opportunity is strong ability and readiness to take risks. For instance, through creation of new products that enables Motorola to achieve a competitive advantage. The innovation of new products brings differentiation to Motorola therefore reducing the prices of its products. Some products like Telco TV have helped the firm to be better placed in the market. The corporation has also been winning different contracts that enable it to supply its products in large volumes for a long period of time. This has also helped to boost its sales as well as performance. These opportunities have enabled the firm to grow and establish itself internationally. For instance, it has entered other markets like Taiwan and United Kingdom. The main threat that Motorola faces is competition from new and foreign firms. For instance, in 2003, Japanese, Korean and Chinese businesses were entering the market to produce and supply cell phones. Their products were cheaper and of higher quality as compared to Motorola’s.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This threatened Motorola’s profit margins such that they were almost reaching one percent (Hitt et al., 2010). Additionally, the firm does not enjoy government protection against entry of foreign businesses in to the market. As a result, foreign market players have entered the market and are almost replacing Motorola. Another threat is barrier to trade in some foreign markets. For instance, Motorola has been facing difficulties in penetrating Japan. Considering that Japan has already entered Motorola’s market, then blocking Motorola from entering Japan seems unfair. The other threat is from Sagem, which achieved the top most market position in France. It has been difficult for Motorola to surpass Sagem’s performance as it is a very strong company. Its products are of high quality and affordable. Motorola also faces threat from environmental, health and safety rules. For instance, it is required to ensure that the environment is kept clean during its production process. The costs associated with this are high and they affect the overall profits and performance of the firm. The credit ratings in the market are unfavorable to the company. High credit ratings mean that the company is charged more interest on loans. As a result, this cost is passed over to the consumer therefore reducing the competitive advantage over the other market players. Motorola’s most prominent strengths and weaknesses Strengths are internal favorable environmental factors while weaknesses are internal unfavorable factors of a business. Motorola’s strength is that it is a prominent company in provision of wireless handsets, communication devices and the single provider of iDEN network. Motorola is a leading and strong market player. For example, it acquired and managed Kreaatel therefore gaining higher chances of entering European and North American markets. The other strength is the ability to manufacture large volumes of mobile handsets at a given time. This enables it to meet the market demand with ease. It is also able to enjoy economies of scale that come with large scale production. Additionally, it is able to surpass its competitors by ensuring that its products are readily available. Motorola’s weakness is that the general quality of its business operations makes customers unsatisfied. This is because at times, the products happen to have defects which make them to function improperly. Therefore, the customers tend to opt for other technological devices which can function smoothly. Another weakness is that their employees are less skilled and trained. They also lack motivation.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Motorola’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They offer substandard services to the consumers because they may not know how to manufacture and operate the mobile handsets. This has reduced quality, customers and sales of Motorola’s products around the world. Another threat is weak profitability. Motorola’s profits and market share have b een dropping because of the weaknesses and threats it has been facing. This requires that the company adopts different strategies in order to regain its market position. Advantages and disadvantages associated with each of Motorolas strategic options Motorola’s strategic plans have been made using intangible and tangible facilities. The intangible facilities are employees who aim at achieving the firm’s goals and experts who possess technological creativity. The tangible facilities are the products such as telephone handsets. These intangible and tangible facilities enable the company to produce, market, sell and obtain income from its produce. However, this strategy is disadvantageous because there are many IT firms using it. Therefore, Motorola needs to identify and advance other tactics that will enable it to achieve competitive advantage. Another Motorola’s strategy is the implementation of the new WiMaX expertise. This is an essential strategy for Motorola given that WiMaX has several advantages. It can take the place of many telecommunication facilities and cellular telephone networks. It can also provide internet facilities to Motorola products. For instance, Motorola has installed WiMax in to its cell phones therefore making it an international performer in technological innovation. Introduction of WiMaX has made other big providers of communication devices to be on toes in order to offer similar facilities. For instance, Nokia and Cisco Systems are aiming at providing WiMaX services to the mobile industry. However, the strategy of using WiMaX is disadvantageous. For example, there is increased competition since other mobile technology companies are starting to provide the same services.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, the costs required to use WiMaX are getting lower as more manufacturers turn up. This has increased supply and lowered selling price therefore affecting Motorola’s profits. How the corporations strategy and organizational structure can be designed to solve the companys strategic issues There is stiff competition in the technology market. Therefore, Motorola is expected to fight for its place in order to endure and achieve competitive advantage above its competitors. It can do this by differentiation of its products and provision of competitive prices to its customers. Since there are upcoming and innovative telecommunications providers, it is important that Motorola improves its strategies (Hitt et al., 2010). In order to remain competitive, Motorola can identify and implement different products that have not yet been launched by its competitors. Additionally, it can adopt bargaining power by purchasing its production materials at affordable price. For example, it can buy in large volumes in order to obtain discounts. This way, it can be able to sell its mobile handsets at a price lower than its competitors. Motorola should also strive to create more products. Since the costs of producing digital products are reducing, customers and demand are also increasing. These customers aim at obtaining variety of products for comparison purposes. They also expect to buy quality products. This should motivate Motorola to increase its production capacity, create new products and advance its technology in order to take advantage of increasing demand. How Motorola should proceed In order to improve its strategic planning, Motorola should be highly innovative. This is in order to ensure that plans with the right procedures, mechanisms and technology are introduced. As a result, the future product needs of consumers can be met. The technological plans initiated by Motorola Corporation will need a mechanism of checks and balances which will remove market s urprises and errors. Road mapping is a strategic plan that Motorola can adopt because it can make the company to be different from its competitors. This road map offers a general procedure and database for every Motorola company to follow. This enables the companies to be in a position to advance, build and share their products, missions, visions and strategies with the whole corporation. Additionally, it is possible to centrally solve issues that are facing various sections therefore reducing problem solving procedures and time. Road mapping can also provide strategic planning which creates a competitive advantage. Various levels and types of strategy in a firm Business level strategies are methods that firms use to carry out several operational roles. These strategies are used in order to assign duties and guidelines for proprietors, managers and employees. Some of these strategies are: coordination of unit functions, utilization of labor, development of competitive advantages, id entification of market gaps and monitoring of product plans. Issues in business administration Human resource issues: These are matters or problems that face the employees. Some of them are: guaranteeing of open communications, balancing of stress and the labor force, setting up of responsibilities and conflict resolution (Bishop, 1991, p. 6). Structural issues: These are basically the factors affecting the organizational structure. Some of them include competition, characteristics of customers and suppliers and the technological and regulatory environment. Although these issues can affect business, it is important to converse with the administration before changing the organizational structure (Bishop, 1991, p. 7). Policy and Procedural Issues: This is mainly the authority that is either granted or earned by the employees or owners of a business. Authority entails application of control within a firm. For instance, there are procedures for approving and delegating of responsibiliti es and authority. An organization can use Management by Objective (MBO) to coordinate and allocate authority and duties. Current Operating Reports should be made in order to give management and employees an updated schedule of expected goals and objectives (Bishop, 1991, p. 8-10). Risk management issues: This involves identifying and solving uncertain factors that can affect the profitability or goals of an organization. It is the role of management to weigh the consequences of these concerns on the whole business. Some of these issues are: asset theft, computer offenses, scams and breach of laws (Bishop, 1991, p. 10). Conclusion Motorola Incorporation has various opportunities and strengths that allow it to establish a stable market position. Its opportunities are strong marketing and promotional tactics, strong brands which are strategically located, creative technological advances, different contract awards and strong ability and readiness to take risks. Its strengths are the abi lity to manufacture in large volumes and becoming a leading and strong market player. On the other hand, Motorola faces threats from its competitors such as Japanese and Korean cell phone manufacturers. They sell related telecommunications devices and sell them at a lower-cost price. The other threat is barrier to trade in foreign markets as well as environmental, health and safety rules. High credit ratings deny Motorola the chance to borrow capital at an affordable rate. As a result of these threats, Motorola has initiated competitive techniques such as WiMaX technology which has enabled it to attain a competitive advantage. There are various business level strategies that have been initiated in order to assign duties and guidelines for proprietors, managers and employees. There are also issues affecting business administration. These are human resource issues, structural issues, policy and procedural issues as well as risk management issues. References Bishop, J. (1991). Manageme nt Issues for the Growing Business: Emerging Business series. Web. Hitt, M., Ireland, R., Hoskisson, R. (2010). Competitiveness and Globalization, Concepts: Strategic Management Series.Concepts. Connecticut, U.S.: Cengage Learning.

Biography of Andrew Carnegie, Steel Magnate

Biography of Andrew Carnegie, Steel Magnate Andrew Carnegie (November 25, 1835–August 11, 1919) was a steel magnate, leading industrialist, and philanthropist. With a keen focus on cost-cutting and organization, Carnegie was often regarded as a ruthless robber baron, though he eventually withdrew from business to devote himself to donating money to various philanthropic causes. Fast Facts: Andrew Carnegie Known For:  Carnegie was a preeminent steel magnate and a major philanthropist.Born:  November 25, 1835 in Drumferline, ScotlandParents:  Margaret Morrison Carnegie and William CarnegieDied:  August 11, 1919 in Lenox, MassachusettsEducation: Free School in Dunfermline, night school, and self-taught through Colonel James Andersons libraryPublished Works:  An American Four-in-hand in Britain, Triumphant Democracy, The Gospel of Wealth, The Empire of Business, Autobiography of Andrew CarnegieAwards and Honors:  Honorary Doctor of Laws, University of Glasgow, honorary doctorate, University of Groningen, the Netherlands. The following are all named for Andrew Carnegie: the dinosaur Diplodocus carnegii, the cactus Carnegiea gigantea, the Carnegie Medal children’s literature award, Carnegie Hall in New York City, Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Spouse(s): Louise WhitfieldChildren: MargaretNotable Quote: â€Å"A library outranks any other one thing a community ca n do to benefit its people. It is a never failing spring in the desert.† Early Life Andrew Carnegie was born at Drumferline, Scotland on November 25, 1835. When Andrew was 13, his family emigrated to America and settled near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His father had worked as a linen weaver in Scotland and pursued that work in America after first taking a job in a textile factory. Young Andrew worked in the textile factory, replacing bobbins. He then took a job as a telegraph messenger at the age of 14, and within a few years was working as a telegraph operator. He educated himself through his voracious reading, benefitting from the generosity of a local retired merchant, Colonel James Anderson, who opened his small library to working boys. Ambitious at work, Carnegie was promoted to be an assistant to an executive with the Pennsylvania Railroad by the age of 18. During the Civil War, Carnegie, working for the railroad, helped the federal government set up a military telegraph system, which became vital to the war effort. For the duration of the war, he worked for the railroad. Early  Business Success While working in the telegraph business, Carnegie began investing in other businesses. He invested in several small iron companies, a company that made bridges, and a manufacturer of railroad sleeping cars. Taking advantage of oil discoveries in Pennsylvania, Carnegie also invested in a small petroleum company. By the end of the war, Carnegie was prosperous from his investments and began to harbor greater business ambitions. Between 1865 and 1870, he took advantage of the increase in international business following the war. He traveled frequently to England, selling the bonds of American railroads and other businesses. It has been estimated that he became a millionaire from his commissions selling bonds. While in England, he followed the progress of the British steel industry. He learned everything he could about the new Bessemer process, and with that knowledge, he became determined to focus on the steel industry in America. Carnegie had absolute confidence that steel was the product of the future. And his timing was perfect. As America industrialized, putting up factories, new buildings, and bridges, he was perfectly situated to produce and sell the steel the country needed. Carnegie the Steel Magnate In 1870, Carnegie established himself in the steel business. Using his own money, he built a blast furnace. He created a company in 1873 to make steel rails using the Bessemer process. Though the country was in an economic depression for much of the 1870s, Carnegie prospered. A very tough businessman, Carnegie undercut competitors and was able to expand his business to the point where he could dictate prices. He kept reinvesting in his own company, and though he took in minor partners, he never sold stock to the public. He could control every facet of the business, and he did it with a fanatical eye for detail. In the 1880s, Carnegie bought out Henry Clay Frick’s company, which owned coal fields as well as a large steel mill in Homestead, Pennsylvania. Frick and Carnegie became partners. As Carnegie began to spend half of every year at an estate in Scotland, Frick stayed in Pittsburgh, running the day-to-day operations of the company. The Homestead Strike Carnegie began to face a number of problems by the 1890s. Government regulation, which had never been an issue, was being taken more seriously as  reformers actively tried to curtail the excesses of businessmen known as robber barons. The union which represented workers at the Homestead Mill went on strike in 1892. On July 6, 1892, while Carnegie was in Scotland, Pinkerton guards on barges attempted to take over the steel mill at Homestead. The striking workers were prepared for the attack by the Pinkertons, and a bloody confrontation resulted in the death of strikers and Pinkertons. Eventually, an armed militia had to take over the plant. Carnegie was informed by transatlantic cable  of the events in Homestead. But he  made no statement and did not get involved. He would later be criticized for his silence, and he later expressed regrets for his inaction. His opinions on unions, however, never changed. He fought against organized labor and was able to keep unions out of his plants during his lifetime. As the 1890s continued, Carnegie faced competition in business, and he found himself being squeezed by tactics similar to those he had employed years earlier. In 1901, tired of business battles, Carnegie sold his interests in the steel industry to J.P. Morgan, who formed the United States Steel Corporation. Carnegie began to devote himself entirely to giving away his wealth. Carnegie’s Philanthropy Carnegie had already been giving money to create museums, such as the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh. But his philanthropy accelerated after selling Carnegie Steel. Carnegie supported numerous causes, including scientific research, educational institutions, museums, and world peace. He is best known for funding more than 2,500 libraries throughout the English-speaking world, and, perhaps, for building Carnegie Hall, a performance hall that has become a beloved New York City landmark. Death Carnegie died of bronchial pneumonia at his summer home in Lenox, Massachusetts on August 11, 1919. At the time of his death, he had already given away over a large portion of his wealth, more than $350 million. Legacy While Carnegie was not known to be openly hostile to the rights of workers for much of his career, his silence during the notorious and bloody Homestead Steel Strike cast him in a very bad light in labor history. Carnegies philanthropy left a huge mark on the world, including the endowment of many educational institutions and the funding of research and world peace efforts. The library system he helped form is a foundation of American education and democracy. Sources â€Å"Andrew Carnegies Story.†Ã‚  Carnegie Corporation of New York.Carnegie, Andrew. Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie. PublicAffairs, 1919.Carnegie, Andrew. The Gospel of Wealth and Other Timely Essays. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1962.Nasaw, David. Andrew Carnegie. Penguin Group, 2006.

Case study of Strategic Management - New Balance

Of Strategic Management - New Balance - Case Study Example SO strategies use a firm's internal strengths to take advantage of external opportunities. WO Strategies aim at improving internal weaknesses by taking advantage of external opportunities. ST Strategies use a firm's strengths to avoid or reduce the impact of external threats. WT Strategies are defensive tactics directed at reducing internal weaknesses and avoiding environmental threats." (David, 180-181) In order to understand the external environment of the Company it is important to undertake the PESTLE analysis, which is as follows: Political: Decrease in demand due to unstable political situation. Economic: Imposition of Tax or quota from the Government on the major players of market in order to avoid monopoly in the market. Socio-cultural: The population of U.S is getting more conscious about the problems related to health. Any product accused of effecting health of the people can lead to the loss of market share. Technological: Achievement of advanced technology by the competitors resulting in shape of economies to scale. Legal: Legal actions against the company as a result of disease due to the raw material production in unconventional manner. Environmental: The Company can face environmental threat because of the Agro-terrorism. New Balance currently maintains a well-qualified and teamwork-minded staff who is dedicated to innovation and excellence in workmanship. This is a significant resource for a business, which relies on domestic manufacturing facilities as a means of cost control. In many respects, the company maintains quality human resources focus which, in the event of excess capital availability, could drive high-quality, low-cost training to minimize complications with labor. Different manufacturing capabilities give them a...Opening the doors for public trading, as had previously been considered by ownership, would raise the capital required for a variety of projects and investments, both internal and external. Additionally, the company does not experience high media visibility, a crucial element of the entire New Balance philosophy for the general public. These issues are currently a threat to New Balance long-term stability in a business environment where competition is fierce and growth is obtainable. "The Threats-Opportunities-Weaknesses-Strengths (TOWS) Matrix is an important matching tool that helps managers develop four types of strategies: So Strategies, WO strategies, ST Strategies, and WT Strategies. New Balance currently maintains a well-qualified and teamwork-minded staff who is dedicated to innovation and excellence in workmanship. This is a significant resource for a business, which relies on domestic manufacturing facilities as a means of cost control. In many respects, the company maintains quality human resources focus which, in the event of excess capital availability, could drive high-quality, low-cost training to minimize complications with labor. Different manufacturing capabilities give them a modest competitive edge in terms of issues of supply chain, however this edge could potentially be lost in the event tha

Research paper_Literature Review Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Paper_Literature Review - Research Paper Example In giving statistics in support of these facts, Andrade and Evans (2009) discussed that the incoming international students and their guardians or parents contribute up to about USD 14.5 billion every year, towards supporting their living expenses during their stay. One benefit drawn from the inflow of Chinese learners into Canada, which cannot be overlooked, is the fact that they increase cultural diversity at the learning facility and in the classes, which adds value to education and enriches the academic environment (Olivia and Lee, 2006). Yoon and Portman (2004) noted that, despite the wide variety of facts on the advantages that they bring into Canada, Chinese students, like other international learners may face strains during their adjustment within the social fabric and the host environment. These strains emanate from language constraints, cultural differences and social behaviors. Despite the fact that a lot of information is available on the adjustment crisis facing this gro up, Olivia and Lee (2006) note that there is a need to integrate the statistics and the findings. For this reason, this literature review will explore the adjustment issues of these students, exposing the costs and the benefits of international learning at Canada; lastly, future inferences will be developed to demonstrate the outcomes of international learning. ... Unlike social cultural adjustment, which refers to the ability of the learners to fit into the Canadian culture, psychological adjustment will cover emotional well-being also. Andrade and Evans (2009, p. 2) discuss that the Chinese learners at Canadian schools and campuses do not face problems that are unique to them; they also experience the problems experienced by Canadian students. However, Ward et al. (2008, p. 35) noted that, in addition to the problems experienced by their Canadian counterparts, they will also suffer from unique problems that could be traced to cultural differences, potential prejudices and language difficulties among others. For that reason, exploring the adjustment needs of Chinese students in Canada and the world at large can increase the information to facilitate student decision making and can improve the acculturation of the different students groups. Berry (1980) notes that, starting from the 1980s; research studies were commonly focused around the accul turation of international students and acculturative-related stresses, where focus was direction was directed towards the coping approaches adopted by international learners. The studies also entailed reviewing the experiences in adjusting to the different society, from a social point of view (Ward et al., 2008, p. 146). The change shows that there has been a change from viewing Chinese among other international student groups from a clinical to a development-related outlook. For these different reasons, irrespective of the expanding knowledge in the area, the need to synthesize and merge the inferences, as a way of further illuminating the available knowledge is necessary. Kwon, Y. (2009) and Swagler and

How Our Culture Glorifies One Sex Over the Other in Dating Essay Example for Free

How Our Culture Glorifies One Sex Over the Other in Dating Essay In his musings A Note on Vulnerability and Responsibility, Hugo Schywyzer comments, Men, it seems, cant distinguish being wanted as a partner and being needed as a protector and provider. Women have always been held in high regard when it comes to dating. This is because women, through time, have always been viewed as weak and in need of protection. This view has carried over to our new era of woman empowerment and independence. These views have slowly changed over the decades though and beginning in the 1960s, women have slowly evolved into an equal partnership with men. These days, women and men earn their place in their relationships. The glorification is no longer automatic even while you are simply dating one another. Men have traditionally held the more responsible role of being mature and more understanding in a relationship. These days though, maturity and respect in a relationship are considered a two-way street where a dating couple would rather find a common middle ground rather than the man letting the woman have her way in the relationship. Although a womans decision is still glorified in terms in dating, women today tend to use their prerogative to find an outlet that they both will enjoy. It is no longer just a woman who must enjoy a date these days and the women prefer it that way. Although, the continually evolving area of dating has proven that women do not necessarily have to date. It is perfectly acceptable for women to opt for independence and remain single. Women no longer like being placed on a pedestal where men seemingly glorify them for the sake of their egos. Women no longer respond in a resigned manner to sexist treatment. Women will no longer accept that she is inferior and, judged to be mentally inferior to the male. Women feel respected these days when a man listens to what she has to say and considers her suggestions. Men seem to prefer a woman who shares her thoughts because the responsibility for dating enjoyment and relationship building no longer falls squarely on the mans shoulders. Consider my personal situation as an example. I work in the Armed Services and yet it does not affect my relationship with men. Instead of being threatened by my position, which used to be solely a mans job, most men who know me admire me for my courage and sense of duty and responsibility. These are traits that I carry over into my personal relationships that produces a smooth flowing and open line of communication and understanding with my partner. Since we both have input into how to improve our relationship, we have built a strong bond that cannot be questioned and need not be doubted. We are equals and partners in everything we do. These days, a man is no longer relegated to the protector and provider role. This evens out the responsibility in a relationship and allows the woman to ask her man to treat her as an equal while still being vulnerable and in need of protection. It can be said that men now treat women as their equal in every way even with the limitations set in place not by man, but by Mother Nature herself. Our culture no longer dictates that we glorify one sex over the other when it comes to dating. A woman no longer needs to pretend to be vulnerable and like a porcelain doll just to make the man feel strong. Men now get their glorification by living up to their commitments and vows in a relationship. Glorification of one sex over the other is no longer the norm. The bible lectures women to be submissive to their husband, that has not been the case for decades now. These days, women have the right to say no if she feels a situation is not right for her. Men can no longer assume for example, that when he says he is moving to another state, his girlfriend or wife will automatically go with him. Women these days have more things to consider like their jobs, family, friends unlike before when she was simply a stay at home person who was expected to do a mans bidding. M These days, a womans opinion is recognized as needed and therefore must be considered. Dating these days are based on totally new sets of rules based on woman empowerment and independence. Certain sports like soccer, golf, tennis, and basketball now have equivalent female leagues. While activities such as rock climbing, handy work around the house, and car repairs, which used to be the sole realm of men have seen a fair share of women accomplishing the same tasks without the hindrances one may have ordinarily expected. Responsibility of making a relationship, or even just a simple date, work is now a shared task that no longer glorifies or spotlights one sex over the other. This I further reinforced by the mass media of today with shows such as Sex at the City, Friends, Greys Anatomy, and Alias. All the women on these shows equal their male counterparts in every way. The barriers of social enjoyment have been torn down by these shows and empowered women to become an active participant in choosing their life mate. These shows encourage woman to take the initiative for dating or any other companionship activity provided that she is comfortable doing so. It is okay for a woman to be aggressive to a certain degree. A woman asking a man out on a date is no longer frowned upon since men can sometimes be just as shy as the woman when asking for a date. It is okay for a woman to change her own flat tire. It is no longer an issue if a woman has more intellectual know how than men. Women like these gain the respect of the significant other who glorify the woman who earned the right to be treated equally and not because tradition and society has dictated it to be that way. Society now dictates the women prove themselves if they want to be respected. Women have proven it many times over. Women are now leading and formidable figures in the fields that were exclusively for men in the past such as politics (Hillary Clinton senator), and business (Oprah Winfrey Mass Media). Outline of How Our Culture Glorifies One Sex over the Other in Dating Lead-in There is a belief that our culture glorifies one sex over the other when it comes to dating. Thesis These days our culture no longer glorifies one sex over the other in dating because all responsibilities and tasks are now a shared effort on the part of the man and woman. Conclusion: Be it a male or female, the dating couple want to earn the respect of their partner and earn the respect and glorification that is accorded to them as a productive significant other in the dating relationship. Works Cited: Hugo Schwyzer. November 03, 2005 A Note On Vulnerability and Responsibility. Retrieved January 4, 2007 from http://hugoboy. typepad. com/hugo_schwyzer/2005/11/on_a_more_serio. html

Proces art Essay -- Essays Papers

Proces art In mid 20th century, the art world completely changed into a new way of expressing ideas. Many artists began to look for different ideas and styles. It started in the 1960s and 1970s, as many artists attempted to free art from the art markets—a system in which works of art become commodities to be bought and sold or held as a financial investment (Lucie-Smith 220). They wanted to create art that would be too short-lived to be sold. To them the beauty of their work is the process of it. This includes the Earthworks artists Robert Smithson, Michael Heizer, Walter De Maria, and Nancy Holt, not only they were interest in the process of making it, also intrigued by how the forces of nature could be incorporated in a work of art. As the technology become more advance; these artists chose to move their work outdoor. Instead of brushes or pencils, â€Å"they used bulldozers and other machinery to move earth into giant sculptural forms†(). They believed that everything on this world is a part of a process. According to philosopher Alfred North Whitehead, every real-life object may be understood as a similarly constructed series of events and processes (Donald, 852). They began to see the importance of forces of nature and the process of their work. Earthworks artists has been developed in many ways, such as the processing idea and social influences, the subject matter, and the style. These artists were influenced by the idea of process, when Whitehead introduces the notion of an actual occasion. According to his view, an actual occasion is not an enduring substance, but a process of becoming (Donald 852). This influenced the thinking of process, and the notion that sometime things falling apart are far more interesting than building it. As we see in Smithson's work Spiral Jetty (1970), which made a giant coil of earth, rock, and salt crystals extending outward from the shore of the Great Salt Lake in Utah. He left it vulnerable to the natural forces of rain, wind, and erosion. To him, time of his work is so important that is one of his most important mediums (Flam XIX). He also mentions the idea of entropy. In nature green plants use light energy from the sun to manufacture carbohydrates for their own needs. Most of this energy is processed and dissipated as heat in respiration. After that it converts the remaining energy to biomass, to both woody... ...ny canyons. You cannot tell the difference of these changes when you look at it, but a stone from there can tell you a lot more, because it show the process. Of course a scientist can tell the changes in a site, but a stones are easier. To us, an abstract way to think about that stone is way deeper than the site. The idea of whole site tends to evaporate. â€Å"The closer you think you're getting to it and the more you circumscribe it† (245). The site is a place where that stone should be but isn't, now the stone is elsewhere, where it cannot evaporate as fast. Now the stone brought back into non-site, where it could be a room. Its regular process will â€Å"take place outside room. But the room reminds us of the limitations of our condition†(245). So, that we understand what process is all about. Work Cited Donald W. Sherburne, "Whitehead, Alfred North", in The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Robert Audi (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Flam, Jack, ed. Robert Smithson: The Collect Writing, University of California Press, 1996. Traver. Ancient forests, 1998 online. Greenpeace USA. Internet. 19 Sept. 2002. Available: http://greenpeaceusa.com/forests.

Irises of Vincent van Gogh Essay

â€Å"Irises† was made by Vincent new wave Gogh in 1889. It is an oil on canvas with dimensions of 28† by 36 5/8. † It is a representational art that exhibits a bouquet of flags and a background of marigolds in a signifier of impressionist manner picture. the topic non dead set or twisted as to demo a signifier of sentiment from the creative person. The picture. as it depicts a garden-like clump of flowers. may be categorized under the subject of landscapes as it displays a scenery without animate beings or people. Van Gogh. in making â€Å"Irises. † chiefly used contour lines. From the picture. we would be able to see the blades of grasses environing the flowers every bit good as the thin roots and the petals of the flags itself with darker sunglassess run alonging the borders. The marigold background. nevertheless. and the piece of dirt that shows itself beneath the grass were done in a more streamlined gesture lines. However. though the borders of the flags. the grass. and the roots were defined. the lines are seen to be more implied than existent as the creative person did non precisely lined the borders with a crisp black but alternatively outlined the parts by utilizing a darker shadiness of colour. The definite lines emphasized a feeling of certainty on the picture. It created a constricted and serious temper. congratulating the construct of purdah for the lone white flag in a clump of blue. The forms in the picture are all natural and the colourss used nowadayss elusive contrast. Lighting seems to be natural as good. coming from the upper right corner of the picture and distributing out. as there’s no bright colour painted straight on the canvas. The place of the blue flags and the blades of grass make the minimum visible radiation seeable ; the agreement rocking some of that light towards the white flag positioned at the left side. With the blooms laid out in such a form. the visible radiation has been stronger on the bluish flags. However. it absolutely suits the artist’s thought. We could see from the illustration how the bluish flags got more of the limelight but they are tilting towards the white flag. In a manner. it may picture how van Gogh felt during the clip he was doing it ; he was in an refuge where people don’t really pay him much attending. But someway. their presence and his province feel like a strong force gushing and stamp downing him. Merely primary and secondary colourss were used for the picture. Made up with bluish. yellow. green and white. â€Å"Irises† is a symphonic music of subdued tones. While the colourss fundamentally described the capable affair. the blunt contrast between the blue flags and the white one emphasized how van Gogh views the difference between other people and himself. The bluish 1s. though they’re voluminous are all the same. They held no particular features. But the white flag is really different. Aside from being painted in another colour. the flag besides symbolizes pureness. The healthy white somehow depicts sedateness and chaste unlike the corrupt character of the bluish flags. Without an existent contact one would be able to find the velvety touch of the picture. sing the portion of the grasses and the marigolds. But for the flags. Vincent new wave Gogh chose to utilize impasto as to make a 3d-like dimension for the blooms. The technique non merely enables the spectator to about experience the weight of the blooms but it besides further back up the pulling force of the white flag. as we are able to see the bluish 1s lean their brawny petals towards the way of the white one ; researching farther the load new wave Gogh felt coming from the people environing him at that clip. Having used impasto on the piece. â€Å"Irises† someway hold a three dimensional feel. Indeed. with the invention of new wave Gogh. this painting transcends the traditional and acquired a more dramatic aura. With this manner. a spectator would be able to experience the only purdah of the white flag and farther sense the apathetic emotion of the bluish 1s. Looking more observingly. we may think how the creative person finished this piece. The piece is glazed and this is strongly apparent in the usage of beds of colourss and particularly the application of impasto. though the flags and marigolds seemed to be drawn above a light green base. Expanding out our examination. we’ll be able to state that new wave Gogh worked on background foremost. holding the marigolds and the dirt looking level. As he continues. he might every bit good work from light colourss so to dark. the dark colourss looking more solid and brighter. We could decidedly state every bit good that the focal point of the â€Å"Irises† is found at the centre left side of the canvas where the white flag was painted. The way of every component in the piece points at it. from the blades of grasses to the blue flags and the marigolds stressing its topographic point.

How Much Copper Is in the Coin?

We calibrated three different molarities of copper (II) nitrate. We tested for the %Transmittance of 1M, 0. 1M, and 0. 01M and plotted the data collected on a calibration curve based on concentration and absorbance. We used nitric acid to dissolve a penny to produce another copper (II) nitrate to test its %Transmittance and plot that on the graph to discover the concentration of that substance which came out to be about . 21M. We attempted to develop a method for determining the concentration of three different diluted copper (II) ion solutions. We also tried to determine the concentration of copper within a penny by dissolving it in nitric acid. We used a spectrometer to measure the %Transmittance of each and were able to convert it to it absorbance in order to plot it on our calibration curve. We used test tubes to contain the solution and set the spectrometers to 20, which were preset by the TA. Prepare three different beakers with one containing 0. 01M, 0. 1M, and 1M of copper (II) nitrate ( Cu(NO3)2). Fill three different test tubes full, each having different amounts of concentrations of the copper (II) nitrate. By using the spectrometer measure the %Transmittance (%T) for each. Convert each %T into its absorbance by the equation: A(absorbance)=log(100/%T) and plot on a graph. The y-axis should be labeled A and the –axis should be labeled Concn for the concentration of molarity. Draw the best fit line through the graph. Place a penny in a beaker and carefully add HNO3 and occasionally swirl so that the penny can completely dissolve. Once the penny is fully dissolved, fill another test tube with the newly created copper (II) nitrate and again, test for the %Titration and convert it to the A. Plot it on the graph on the best fit line and find the amount of concentration that was found within the new solution. When dissolving the penny with nitric acid make certain to perform it within the hood seeing as the gas that is created is toxic. Also be very cautious when working with nitric acid due to the fact that is s corrosive to the skin.

A Brief Discussion on the Definition of Art

A Brief Discussion on the Definition of Art Art is a very complicated and thorny subject. It can be a source of heated discussion in the same way as religion or politics. One person's idea of art can be very, very different from another person's view, and the disparity between them can lead to harsh words and hurt feelings.By simple dictionary definition, art is the product of human creativity. It is the human effort to imitate, supplement, alter, or counteract the works of nature. However, in actual usage it's meaning can be poles apart. It is really much more subjective in connotation. As previously acknowledged, from one single person to the next the definition can be wildly dissimilar. So, then, what is the meaning of art in practice?Art begins in the eye of the beholder. If the viewer responds emotionally, if the work provokes thought, humor, passion, compassion, then it is art. A violinist who has mastered his instrument cannot compare to the violinist whose playing, though flawed, brings the listener to tears.Self-portr ait, (1876)Though a work may affect only a single person in this way, it must still be considered art if only for that single person's enjoymentIn the higher strata of society, art conforms more strictly to the dictionary definition. Something is only be considered art if the 'educated' art critic informs the cultured thespians that it is indeed 'art.' At this level, art is more of a status symbol than object of gratification. To appreciate the 'right kind of art' is to inform the rest of society that one is educated and in vogue. In this usage, the meaning is a distant term to the user, something incomprehensible yet necessary for social acceptance.For my personal use, art is something that is a little bit of all three. It is something that imitates...

We Ask Admissions Officers Whats the #1 Fact You Wish Applicants Knew

We Ask Admissions Officers What's the #1 Fact You Wish Applicants Knew SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips College admissions can be confusing, with a lot of contradictory information thrown around. It's hard to separate fact from fiction, which is frustrating since the stakes are high and you may not realize you made mistakes until it's far too late. In this exclusive article, we decided to consult university admissions officers and counselors around the country to break through the noise. We asked them a simple question: "What's the #1 fact you wish college applicants knew about admissions?" The results might surprise you. #1: We Want a Well-Rounded Class, Not Well-Rounded Students We've all heard the adage of schools liking well-rounded students, so many hopeful applicants try to do a little bit of everything at once. This might be a huge mistake. Jeannine Lalonde, Senior Assistant Dean of Admission at University of Virginia, tells us: The area that students seem to divert so much applicant time and energy away from more important things is the extracurricular section of the application.When I was in school, someone came up with the phrase "the well-rounded student" and I fear that term has become and albatross that hangs around everyone high school student's neck. They think there's a check list that we use as we read and we want to see leadership, athletics, community service, something creative, something academic, etc. They think that if they don't do everything, then they must be an expert in one thing. So either be a jack of all trades, or headed to the Olympics. The fact is that the philosophy at my school and many others has evolved. We're looking to build a well-rounded class. A well-rounded class has all kinds of students in it. Really, though, academics will always come first. So amount of community service will make an admission officer forget that a student didn't challenge themselves in high school. When I read a file, most of my time is spend analyzing the transcript, reading the recommendations, and reading essays. Extracurricular activities are...extra! #2: Demonstrate Your Character - Be Someone Colleges Want In Their Community Applications aren't just about your test results and achievements. Colleges want you to be someone they're comfortable accepting in their community. Your job is to demonstrate that you have the character to be this person. Carol Barash, former English professor and admissions counselor at U Michigan, Rutgers, and Douglass College, writes: The thing that matters mostthe one thing you can control in the admissions process and for the rest of your lifeis your character. When you show up, what can people count on you for? This is really what colleges want to know. Colleges are communities, and admissions officers are building diverse communities of individuals who will coalesce and work togetherin classrooms, dorm rooms, and across the broad range of activities that make up the college community. Use the college process to explore your character: what are your strengths, your passions, and especially your commitments? Once you have a sense of where you are going, look back into your life experience and uncover the stories that are connected to that place you are going. Where are the moments when you changed, grew or made a difference? Those defining moments are the cauldron of character; those are the moments you want to write about in your college admission and scholarship essays. #3: Use the Admissions Office to Your Advantage Admissions offices seem daunting - they can decide your fate and thousands of other students in a single stroke. But you should realize that the office is made up of people who care about the school and about their students. Jeff Knox, former Admissions Officer at University of Pittsburgh, advises: The average college admissions professional is young, usually in her 20s. Students tend to think admissions committees are made up of a bunch of older curmudgeons perusing their applications and essays over bifocals.Don’t be afraid to call or email the admissions offices. They are (almost always) super nice and helpful. In my experience, I deal with a lot of students stressing out over pretty simple questions that could easily be answered with a simple phone call. Especially because colleges have different policies and preferences and because student questions are often so specific, it’s important to go to the source with many questions. Rather than guessing or trying to figure it out on your own, just contact the admissions office directly. #4: Maximize the Effectiveness ofthe Supplemental Essay Private admissions counselor and Harvard PhD Robert Kohenbelieves that students underestimate the value of the supplemental essay. Treating this as an afterthought is a big mistake: Students dedicate so much time to perfecting their personal essay that they often forget to leave adequate time for the smaller, supplemental questions that most colleges ask on the application. These essays usually ask about why the student wants to attend a particular school. It's imperative that students both spend adequate time researching the college and fine-tuning these essays. The most common mistake students make is simply repeating generic information about the university: it's in a great city, its academics are spectacular, and the campus is beautiful to boot. Instead, students should write about specific details that align with their own interests and show they've done their homework. For example, does the university offer a particular type of student group unique to that school? Does it have a particular professor the student is interested in working with, or a special research institute that speaks to the student's academic interests? It's critical that students include these types of details in their supplemental essays in order to stand out from the crowd. What's Next? Is there a burning question you want answered by college admissions officers? We'll reach out to our network. Just leave a comment below about what you want us to ask. Want to excel on the SAT or ACT? Read our famous guides to scoring a perfect SAT score or a perfect ACT score. How good of an SAT/ACT score do you need to get into your target college? Calculate your target score for the SAT or the ACT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Project Management Governance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Project Management Governance - Assignment Example Contents presented in the project management plan are analyzed and whether the information presented in each section of the report is appropriate and informative for the audience. Each of the heading presented in the project management plan is analyzed and then the report presents the conclusion and recommendations for improving the project management plan. The project management plan is well-prepared however there is certain information missing in the plan. Moreover, the report has analyzed that some parts of the project management plan are very comprehensive and different project management tools and techniques are applied correctly. On the other hand, some sections of the report are missing important and critical information and if this information was included then it would have further improved the quality of the project management plan. Project management discipline of management has added a unique ability to the organizations for accomplishing unique objectives. Successful projects are critically dependent on well-defined plans. Therefore project management plan is vital to successfully completing the project. Project plans if are not prepared well then it often results in failure of the project and the project is not able to achieve the desired objective despite incurring an excessive cost, time and effort on the project. KJ Consulting Company has proposed a Project Plan for the Ottawa–Carleton Water Park on behalf of Carlington Aquatic Parks for the scheduled opening on May 21, 2005. This report is aimed at evaluating the project management plan prepared by KLSJ Consulting Company for the Ottawa–Carleton Water Park. This report assesses the level and quality of the considerations given to the aspects that are to play a critical role in the project success.

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded Essay - 5

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow - Essay Example Whether in primary or middle school, the true purpose of education has lost its significance to a great extent as people seem to have forgotten that education is intrinsically linked with acquisition of knowledge. (Davidson and Carber, 2009, p.9) During the formative years, the students traverse through different stages of development and the educational programs that they are taught are not similar as that of middle schools, but one of the most significant aspects of PYP or Primary Years Program is to inculcate the idea of inquiry although it is doubtful whether the educators make genuine efforts for developing the stance of inquiry (Davidson and Carber 2009, p.11). Moreover, the teachers are concerned with the completion of curriculum that robs the children of their natural abilities of expression. For instance, if a child is unable to grasp the concept of ‘transparent’ in the classroom, a teacher may or may not prefer to take special efforts to think of a better way to solve this problem although the principles of teaching reinforce this concept. Thus, knowledge remains unfinished in most schools from early childhood and children may never learn to ask questions even during the latter years when they grow up to become adults. Knowledge, as it is known to us remains a maxim that looks good in text books and it is a fact that few people will be able to abolish when viewed in today’s perspective. The most common example that can be cited for explaining the redundancy of knowledge is that of computer education, which is now being taught in most schools and colleges. It is undoubtedly true that the world of computers, which is developing faster than a sudden storm, leave the learners in awe. Moreover, the parents are puzzled with the inclination among most children to choose computer as their chosen subject. Additionally, the computer programs and curriculums that are taught in

Chemical vapor deposition- principles and implementation Research Paper

Chemical vapor deposition- principles and implementation - Research Paper Example CVD has wide applications which include provision of wear and corrosion resistance, formation of barriers and net shape components. INTRODUCTION Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) is a versatile technique of applying required coats of metals on surfaces of components. Unlike other types of painting techniques, this technique applies a coat of the wanted solid on all the accessible surfaces of a component. This therefore makes this technique very appropriate for coat application on surfaces which are of unorthodox nature. In this report, the principles and implementation of CVD are examined. In examining the principles of CVD, the CVD process is closely examined by specifically discussing what takes place inside the reaction chamber of a CVD reactor. The types of CVDs are also discussed. On the second part of this report, the implementation of CVD is discussed whereby the complete equipment set for typical CVD set up is examined. The types of CVD reactors and the applications of CVD are also discussed. PRINCIPLES OF CVD Under this section, the principles of CVD are examined. Specifically, the CVD process is discussed and types of CVDs are also examined. CVD Process The basic principle of the CVD process is the reaction of gaseous precursors to form a solid coating on a heated substrate (ATL 1). This process takes place in the reaction chamber located inside the CVD reactor. ... The temperature will depend on the level of coating required, the gaseous precursors involved and the substrate type. After the substrate has been heated to the required temperature, a controlled gaseous precursor (from the left in the above diagram – Fig. 1) is introduced into the gas chamber. The type of gaseous precursor to be used will depend on the type of deposit required. Figure 2 (ULTRAMET 1) For illustration purpose if metal M is to be deposited on the surface of a substrate, then a gaseous precursor such as MCl2 can be used. It is imperative that the precursor has to be in a gaseous form. After introducing a controlled flow of MCl2 gas, a controlled flow of hydrogen is also introduced. The mixture conditions are adjusted in such a manner that the mixture only reacts when in contact with the substrate surface (ATL 2). MCl2 + H2 = M + 2HCl The reaction on the surface of the substrate releases the metal atom and exhaust gas hydrogen chloride. The metal atom is bonded on the surface of the substrate while the waste gas is drawn out of the reaction chamber by use of a vacuum pump. In the schematic diagram above (Fig 1) the gas is removed to the right. The vacuum pump creates a constant flow of reacting gases into the chamber and waste gases out of the chamber (ATL 3). At the start of the reaction process, the metal deposition is localized (deposited on particular points on the substrate) but as the process progresses the atoms are evenly deposited all over the surface of the substrate. The deposition of the metal applies to all the accessible surfaces of the substrate no matter what shape the substrate has. The process is allowed to progress until the desired thickness of the metal is achieved. In some cases the coating is left to

Principle Of Equality In Practical Ethics Philosophy Essay

Principle Of Equality In Practical Ethics Philosophy Essay The principle of equality in Singers work can be rationally defended from many perspectives, especially when it is being applied to human beings. However, Singer goes further to consider all animals as well. It is the basic assumption of the current investigation that Singers ideas about equality are much more rational, and much less radical, when they are employed to describe human beings; however, when they are expanded to include all sentience, some of the supposed equalities Singer proposes are no longer rational. Some of Singers theories about equality can therefore be challenged by logic, and not accepted, by people who, for example, see a difference between animals and humans, in terms of the equality applied and implied to them. When Singer talks about equality, he rejects the traditional Rawls-influenced notion of moral personality and human equality. Singer proposes a broader and more collectivist ethics, and therefore his idea of equality is also broader. However, there needs to be an alternative to this philosophy because it is untenable and seeks a level of sophistication which the author frequently is unable to convey appropriately, as seen by his use in the following sentence of creative semantics within their rhetoric. The day may come when the rest of the animal creation may acquire those rights which never could have been with-holden from them but by the hand of tyranny (sic). The French have already discovered that the blackness of the skin is no reason why a human being should be abandoned without redress to the caprice of a tormentor (Singer, 1989). Singers essay, which proposes to have a utilitarian argument structure, is basically all about morality, and it corresponds to the rightness or wron gness of an action that impacts that actions significance in terms of utility. This concept of utility has been stretched and formed the main basis for those who would criticize Singers embrace of the equality of animals and humans, as a dry and humourless statistical impossibility that drained the imagination out of humanity and based impulse on quasi-scientific ethical propositions. This is a valid criticism in the light of various authors use of utilitarianism, but it is also important to keep in mind that utilitarianism is basically a positive principle that lays out a plan for happiness, not equality. In other words, there are bright and dark sides to this issue, in which the philosophy can be changed and develop a more hybrid definition as it is interpreted by different scholars, such as Singer, or Bentham. In these cases, one scholar usually comes before the other. Singers ideas of equality also have a lot to do with the equal consideration of disparate interests. From this perspective, the philosopher can be rationally defended by those who seek to end the reign of racism, sexism and discrimination on the grounds of disability, from society. From an egalitarian perspective then, Singer can be rationally defended in his conception of equality, as it is basically a parallel of the status quo of most industrialized societies, at least in principle. And Singer asks thought provoking questions about the nature of real equality, for example, asking reasonably if any readers would really consider a strangers family to be equal to theirs, if both were under some external threat. Some of the more utilitarian of Singers defences of equality seem to make more rational sense than his defence of animals being equal to humans. Singers utilitarianism has a political and legal value, even in the justification theory perspective, because it can separate levels of harm caused to society in terms of either rules that encompass actions or actions which in themselves become rules. It is difficult to say which interpretation is more faithful to the basic tenets of utilitarianism, but it seems that in terms of alternatives, Singer has chosen not to look deeper into this philosophy than just one counts as one. What can be said, however, is that, justification-theory utilitarianism as stressed by Singer, consists of a doctrine that relates to moral goodness rather than ethical goodness, and also a doctrine that relates to what the author believes is morally right, not ethically right. The originators of utilitarianism, Mill and Bentham, both saw utilitarianism as a moral theory, and this is correct, and therefore the author uses the moral theory to back up their own moral philosophy. Jeremy Bentham incorporated the essential basis of moral equality into his utilitarian system of ethics in the formula, Each to count for one and non for more than one. In other words, the interests of every being affected by an action are to be taken into account and given the same weight as the like interests of any other being (Singer, 1989). In utilitarianism, deliberation can be conflated with intention and determination, whereas justification can be thought of as proven reasonability. There are differences between different categories of the philosophy in general, which are basically involved with the application of theoretical concepts in terms of predicting and justifying consequences and comparisons. So equality of opportunity is not an attractive ideal. It rewards the lucky, who inherit those abilities that allow them to pursue interesting and lucrative careers. It penalizes the unlucky, whose genes make it very hard for them to achieve similar success (Singer, 1989). When the author is talking about humans, he makes some cogent points. Singer uses utilitarianism as a theory of justification of society and equality of people and animals, but I would also propose that the author looks a little further into utilitarianism and sees that it is really more about proven reasonability as a standard measuring the worth of the end result or consequential result of the concept: happiness, not equality. In terms of institutional application in a historical sense, this has also included a reckoning of the main points of justification theory utilitarianism as a way of grading or categorizing institutions or policy ramifications in terms of testing and proving the efficiency or utility of the institution through a utilitarian viewpoint. This involves justification in that it uses proof and rationalization rather than deliberation theories of intention and determination. This also increases the value of objectivity as a vaunted standard within utilitarianism, seen from this justification perspective. Singer also examines some inequalities that plague society. The important point is that affirmative action, whether by quotas or some other method, is not contrary to any sound principle of equality and does not violate any rights of those excluded by it From this point, Singers theories view inequality as being passed on from one generation to another in terms of wealth and privilege within a family structure that is seen as a space of economic restriction that also works to keep disadvantaged families in the same place from generation to generation. The social class of the parents, from this perspective, will play a large role in the development of their children in terms of advantages or disadvantages that are inherited in the family structure. From this view, society is not seen as the large organism or field of struggle that functional theorists and conflict theorists see it as, but rather is seen more limited in terms of individual and everyday relations. When Singer is proclaiming the equality of animals and humans, this is a controversial subject on which some of his arguments appear less logical. It has been suggested that autonomous, self-conscious beings are in some way much more valuable morally significant, than beings w ho live from moment to moment, without the capacity to see themselves as distinct beings with a past and a future (Singer, 1989). Everyone has their own ethics. Socially positive behaviour may be influenced by moral behaviour, which has a more religious semantic connotation, but ethics should not be confused with moral behaviour. Ethics is not the same as morality or presupposing moral censorship, as some would have it; morality is more of an externalized and often conditioned response, whereas ethics could perhaps be more readily likened to the basic conscience mechanism of social responsibility. Ethics is something that begins with the individual and acts effectively to represent society in terms of fair and balanced information being presented. Animals do have rights. Those who abuse or are cruel to animals can be brought before the law. But there is also a double standard, because the cows supplying McDonalds hamburgers are mistreated and abused every day in a cruel manner, and no one takes a second thought. Animals do have rights, but they are rights that are determined by humans, not animals. When Singer is talking about the equality of humans who are disabled, or minorities, it is a conventional, status quo argument. But when he suggests the equality of animals and humans, he takes a step towards more controversial polemics. (Singer, 1989)