Attitudes and Behavior in Psychology Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Attitudes and Behavior in Psychology - Thesis Example   Behavioral – which deals with action towards the attitude object. This is the execution of the attitude; the means through which a third party may administer or observe what the reaction has been. It is imperative to discuss the reaction component differently, because not all initial assumptions about attitude may yield the same result. (c) Cognitive – where beliefs about the attitude object are ascertained. Any prior experiences or learned behavior in the same context is likely to influence the process of attitude formation. These beliefs are not only crucial in the context of the issue at hand, but they also become the basis and foundations for future attitude formulations. Attitudes show their effect in various ways. There are circumstances wherein a person may feel positively or negatively about a subject. At the same time, states of ‘ambivalence’ may enable a person to maintain both views simultaneously. Additional concepts in social attitude formation are also integral to the lucid understanding of the said concept. One of these involves the theory of ‘cognitive dissonance’. â€Å"It is a state that presents a state of opposition between cognitions† (Wikipedia). The primary belief that is purported by this school of thought is that conflicting ideation, emotions, and conditions force the human being to seek a condition of equilibrium, and in a way speeds up the decision making process as far as concluding upon a certain attitude is concerned. These conflicts, therefore, ironically form the way towards conflict resolution once the mind has decided upon which stance to maintain.   

Adjustment issues of international student enrolled in american Essay

Adjustment issues of international student enrolled in american collage and university - Essay Example The researcher even figured out that adjustment issues and higher stress level were even experienced by international students who had little or no social support. The research even showed that international individuals who have spend over 6 years in the US experience less stress than those who have been there for less than six years. This is because those who have spend more than six years have learned the norms of the US society and have settled in. Students who perceive that they will be discriminated against due to their inability to speak properly in English experience higher level of adjustment issues. Students who fail to create and maintain relationships with local American students tend to experience homesickness and experience higher level of adjustment issues. Araujo conducted a literature research on the subject of adjustment issues and level of stress experienced by non-US residents who enroll in US based colleges and Universities. The variables that directly impact adjustment issues and stress level includes: ability to communicate and write in English language, support which is social in nature, time period already spend in US, perception of discrimination, relationships with citizens of US and home based

Compare two of the regional human rights systems, analyzing the Essay

Compare two of the regional human rights systems, analyzing the similarities and differences in their respective approaches to the protection and promotion of human rights - Essay Example They are the precursors of normative frameworks. They form the minimum standards that a member state has to adhere to while enacting their municipal law must conform to these standards. This means that in any case a country seeks to enact a municipal dealing with a matter that is covered under any human right system, then that country needs to use the standard set in that particular human right system as the benchmark. There are three main human rights systems in the world; the European Human Right System, the Americas Human Rights system and the African Human right system. For the purposes of this paper, the comparison shall be focused on the European and the African Human Rights system. The choice of the two is influenced by the fact that the European Human Right system was the first to develop while the African human right system is the last to develop. Another motivation for choosing these two systems is derived from the fact one is established in the developed region while the other is developed in a developing region. Despite the existence of the African Human rights system there is still a high level of human rights violation. It is important to note that each of these human rights systems developed out of influences and forces unique to the nations involved. These systems developed at different times and were triggered by different reasons. It is also imperative to note that each of these three systems has specific and tailor -made solutions and means to ensure that the specific rights of a certain group of people is catered for. The matters that led to the development of the European Human Right system were influenced by the World War II. On the other hand, the African Human Right system was triggered by other factors the main one being colonialism. Robertson (1982) propounds that the belief by the European nations that in order to secure democracy human rights had to be respected. The East Europe as well as the Western

Basic Principles of Humanitarian Law Research Paper

Basic Principles of Humanitarian Law - Research Paper Example Given that the main research questions are; what are the common, basic humanitarian law principles and to what extent these principles are observed, the essay discusses the basic principles of humanitarian law. In humanitarian law, there are basic principles such as military necessity. Military necessity is a principle which should be observed to ensure that aid reaches those who require it, by engaging military officers to perform the function (McCormack and McDonald 6). This is because military officers are trained to address humanitarian issues even in very dangerous circumstances. They have undergone training on saving lives, protecting themselves and protecting and assisting needy victims of war or other calamities. Another humanitarian law principle is that of limited warfare, which restricts the extent to which military becomes essential so as to achieve the military objectives. Therefore, based on various circumstances, military necessity has various contours which are circumstance specific (Fleck and Bothe 123). Limited warfare entails the prohibition of warfare methods which lead to long-term, widespread and severe damages to the environment (Fleck and Bothe 124). There is also the principle of distinction which requires that there should be an appropriate distinction between activities that prevent or accelerate the war effort (McCormack and McDonald 6). Distinction requires that there should be a determination of prioritizing so that aid reaches only legitimate beneficiaries so that it does not contribute to the war effort. The principle of humanity is also a humanitarian law principle. Torture and assassinations should be prohibited. Unnecessary suffering should be limited, as much as possible (McCormack and McDonald 7).  

Kohlbergs Principles of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kohlbergs Principles of Ethics - Essay Example Lawrence Kohlberg was one of the first serious thinkers to study and know about a person's ability to deal with ethical issues which could develop in later life and also whether education could affect that development (Source: Can Ethics Be Taught). Kohlberg developed a theory of moral reasoning, which according to him was the basis for ethical behavior and has three major levels split into six identifiable stages of moral development as shown below: The Stage 1 is a heteronomous orientation focusing on avoiding breaking rules that are backed by punishment, obedience for its own sake and avoiding the physical consequences of an action to persons and property (Source: Studies in moral development and education). The Stage 2 orientation focuses on the instrumental, pragmatic value of an action. Reciprocity is of the form. The Golden Rule becomes, "If someone hits you, you hit them back". Thus one follows the rules only when it is to someone's immediate interests. What is right is what's fair in the sense of an equal exchange, a deal, an agreement with his (her) own interest (Source: Studies in moral development and education). At Stage 3 individuals are aware of shared feelings, agreements, and expectations which take primacy over individual interests. Hence they define what is right in terms of what is expected by people close to their own self, and in terms of the stereotypic roles that define being good. Thus being good here means keeping mutual relationships, such as trust, loyalty, respect, and gratitude. The thinking is that of local community or family. There is no consideration of the generalized social system (Source: Studies in moral development and education). The Stage 4 shifts focus from defining what is right in terms of local norms and role expectations to defining right in terms of the laws and norms established by the larger social system. Thus defining one's social responsibilities. One must obey the law except in extreme cases in which the law comes into conflict with other prescribed social duties. Obeying the law is seen as necessary in order to maintain the system of laws which protect everyone (Source: Studies in moral development and education). While two stages have been mentioned in the third major level only one stage i.e., Stage 5, has received substantial empirical support. Stage 6 remains as a theoretical endpoint which rationally follows from the preceding 5 stages. This level is called the post conventional level and is characterized by reasoning based on principles, using a "prior to society" perspective. The individual's reason here is based on the principles which underlie rules and norms, but reject a uniform application of a rule or norm (Source: Studies in moral development and education). According to Campbell and Bond (1982) Kohlberg's ideas of moral reasoning, moral realism and morality are based on the premise that at birth all humans are void of morals, ethics and honesty. Kohlberg identified the family as first source of values and moral development for an individual. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy being honest or generous is just not a tendency to do what is honest or generous, nor is it to be helpfully specified as a "desirable" or "morally

Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Humanities - Essay Example is new style of music changed the traditional pattern and rhythmic harmony of the Romanticism period, by creating music that lacked either patter or rhythmic harmony. The major transformation in music as characterized by atonal music was a shift towards the artists glorifying art itself, as opposed to praising the beauty of people and creations as was previously the trend with the Romanticism music. A major example of the composers of the atonal music is Arnold Schoenberg, whose music applied no particular rhythmic or pattern harmony, such that it was easily categorized as noise by the average music listener (Northern.edu, n.p.). Thus, Arnold Schoenberg’s atonal music took the form of noise, and the meaning was simply that music does not have to praise anyone or anything in particular, but a combination of different sounds themselves can comprise music. In the artistic field, the transformation from the earlier patterns of meaningful art was realized in the 20th century, where the painters and artists completely changed the course of art, sculptures and paintings as communicating objects, to the creation of non-communicating pieces of art. For example, Cubism art movement that developed in the 20th century would just combine multiple perspective and objects within a single piece of art, such that the overall outcome of a painting would be numerous objects that are clamped together in no defined pattern. One of the major and recognized artist of the Cubism movement was Pablo Picasso, whose art majorly combined numerous objects, perspectives and even time different times (Northern.edu, n.p.). The relationship between form and art in the Pablo Picasso’s artwork was simply multiple object form with the meaning that art does not specifically have to address one particular theme, but it can simply be combination of different times , perspectives and objectives. Further, Abstract Expressionism is another artistic development of the 20th century, which was a major

Depreciation and Cost Essay Example for Free

Depreciation and Cost Essay 1. The primary cause of the current system to fail is the use of a single burden rate. Burden costs of the testing rooms as well as other costs such as admin were grouped into a single cost pool and then divided by the total labor dollars. This resulted to a single burden rate of 145% of direct labor dollars (cost driver). This method is not appropriate for Seligram because the information on the case present that direct labor hours and machine hours vary by product line and activity. In addition, the burden cost of the main and test room also significantly vary. Therefore, using a single burden rate does not provide the true cost of the product, as it assumes all products consume direct labor and overhead in the same proportion. 2. Cost for each system are as follows: 3. I prefer the system proposed by the consultant because it is the most detailed, therefore will produce more accurate costs. 4. The ideal allocation base should have a direct cause-and-effect relation with the costs incurred. Based on the data provided in the case, it appears that the consultant’s proposed cost system is adequate because it considers the appropriate cost pool and allocation base. However, it should be noted that developing a cost system that is more detailed require the use of more time and resources. There needs to be a proper balance between accuracy and cost. 5. There is significant cost involved in the purchase of new equipment. Although the machine will be located in the Main Room, I would use a separate cost pool when calculating the burden rate of the new machine. The purchase price of the machine is $2 million. I will add the one-time installation and programming cost to the acquisition cost of the machine since these costs are required in order to get the machine ready for use. I will calculate depreciation based on the machine’s practical capacity over its estimated life, instead of double declining method. It seems that the use of double declining balance method of depreciation is inappropriate for allocation of costs because this method incurs higher depreciation in the early years, although the utilization is lower in the early years. By using practical capacity as the base, I am able to properly match the cost with the use of the machine.